超簡單以太坊空氣幣發幣教學 (自己的幣自己發)
幣圈一天,人間一年。在 ICO 的世界裡,笑稱「不管黑幣白幣,能忽悠的就是好幣」。雖然現在已經開始瘋 STO 了,過時的我最近剛好研究了一下 Ethereum 智能合約,今天過氣的教教大家如何在以太坊發弊 ICO。
為了跟上時代潮流的尾巴,今天教大家如何自己發行 ETH ERC-20 標準的 Token 代幣。所有教學動作可透過 Chrome 瀏覽器 + MetaMask 錢包即可完成,今年要好野就看這一篇了。
什麼是 ERC-20 標準代幣?
ERC-20 是基於以太坊 (Ethereum) 上發行智能合約的一種標準,智能合約是一段可以在區塊鏈執行的程式碼,這個 ERC-20 標準就是程式裡頭常常使用的 Interface 概念。ERC-20 Interface 定義如下:
contract ERC20Interface { function totalSupply() public view returns (uint); function balanceOf(address tokenOwner) public view returns (uint balance); function allowance(address tokenOwner, address spender) public view returns (uint remaining); function transfer(address to, uint tokens) public returns (bool success); function approve(address spender, uint tokens) public returns (bool success); function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint tokens) public returns (bool success); event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint tokens); event Approval(address indexed tokenOwner, address indexed spender, uint tokens); }
如果你的智能合約實做了上述的介面,那就可以符合 ERC-20 的規範 (ERC-20官方規範在這裡),大家就知道如何使用你的代幣,讓代幣的流通更方便了。話說現在有 14 萬以上種類的 ERC-20 Token 被發行,我是不相信啦(不相信那麼少,寫這篇文章的時候我就發了 3 種幣了),難道真的大家都有兩億!
此外,ERC-20 有一些弊端,比如將 Token 轉帳 (transfer) 到一個智能合約的時候,由於邏輯的關係有可能造成卡死,你的 Token 就進到黑洞了。因此後來延伸 ERC-20 出現了 ERC-223 標準,透過 tokenFallback 函式進行驗證,避免代幣被錯誤使用造成代幣消失的問題。但目前官方 theethereum Wiki 還沒有出現這個標準的相關定義,我們今年還是以 ERC-20 來實做發幣。
於以太坊測試公網進行智能合約發布測試
首先,我們準備好錢包與領取測試用的 ETH。啟動你的 Chrome 先安裝 MetaMask Extension,安裝好後請先註冊一個錢包,接著切換為測試網路,如下圖:
一開始切換到測試網路,會沒有任何 ETH 可以使用,但是佈署與執行智能合約需要 ETH,你可以從以下連結免費領取一個 ETH 來測試使用:
填上你的錢包位置:
然後等一下看看你的 MetaMask 應該就有 1 ETH 可以揮霍了,記住這是測試公網,可別天真的以為可以轉去交易所買賣啊~好的開始是成功的全部,做到這裡已經快要可以割韭菜了~
開始製作 ERC-20 代幣智能合約
再來我們要在測試網路佈署這個空氣幣的智能合約,以太坊智能合約使用 Solidity 語言撰寫,所以我們先來學一下 Solidity 語言.......(誤~我不會啊~)。
這裡我們會用到一個叫做 Remix 的以太坊 Web 線上智能合約編譯佈署工具,先連到 https://remix.ethereum.org 然後按下「+」圖示新增一個 .sol 檔案,如下:
然後輸入一個酷炫的檔名如下:
然後貼上官方提供的範例,修改後已經同步放在 GitHub ERC-20.sol 檔案,內容如下:
pragma solidity ^0.5.0; // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Safe maths // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- library SafeMath { function add(uint a, uint b) internal pure returns (uint c) { c = a + b; require(c >= a); } function sub(uint a, uint b) internal pure returns (uint c) { require(b <= a); c = a - b; } function mul(uint a, uint b) internal pure returns (uint c) { c = a * b; require(a == 0 || c / a == b); } function div(uint a, uint b) internal pure returns (uint c) { require(b > 0); c = a / b; } } // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- // ERC Token Standard #20 Interface // https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/blob/master/EIPS/eip-20.md // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- contract ERC20Interface { function totalSupply() public view returns (uint); function balanceOf(address tokenOwner) public view returns (uint balance); function allowance(address tokenOwner, address spender) public view returns (uint remaining); function transfer(address to, uint tokens) public returns (bool success); function approve(address spender, uint tokens) public returns (bool success); function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint tokens) public returns (bool success); event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint tokens); event Approval(address indexed tokenOwner, address indexed spender, uint tokens); } // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Contract function to receive approval and execute function in one call // // Borrowed from MiniMeToken // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- contract ApproveAndCallFallBack { function receiveApproval(address from, uint256 tokens, address token, bytes memory data) public; } // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Owned contract // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- contract Owned { address public owner; address public newOwner; event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed _from, address indexed _to); constructor() public { owner = msg.sender; } modifier onlyOwner { require(msg.sender == owner); _; } function transferOwnership(address _newOwner) public onlyOwner { newOwner = _newOwner; } function acceptOwnership() public { require(msg.sender == newOwner); emit OwnershipTransferred(owner, newOwner); owner = newOwner; newOwner = address(0); } } // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- // ERC20 Token, with the addition of symbol, name and decimals and a // fixed supply // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- contract AirToken is ERC20Interface, Owned { using SafeMath for uint; string public symbol; string public name; uint8 public decimals; uint _totalSupply; mapping(address => uint) balances; mapping(address => mapping(address => uint)) allowed; // ------------------------------------------------------------------------ // Constructor // ------------------------------------------------------------------------ constructor() public { symbol = "AirCoin"; name = "空氣幣"; decimals = 3; _totalSupply = 200000000 * 10**uint(decimals); balances[0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF] = _totalSupply; emit Transfer(address(0), 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF, _totalSupply); } // ------------------------------------------------------------------------ // Total supply // ------------------------------------------------------------------------ function totalSupply() public view returns (uint) { return _totalSupply.sub(balances[address(0)]); } // ------------------------------------------------------------------------ // Get the token balance for account `tokenOwner` // ------------------------------------------------------------------------ function balanceOf(address tokenOwner) public view returns (uint balance) { return balances[tokenOwner]; } // ------------------------------------------------------------------------ // Transfer the balance from token owner's account to `to` account // - Owner's account must have sufficient balance to transfer // - 0 value transfers are allowed // ------------------------------------------------------------------------ function transfer(address to, uint tokens) public returns (bool success) { balances[msg.sender] = balances[msg.sender].sub(tokens); balances[to] = balances[to].add(tokens); emit Transfer(msg.sender, to, tokens); return true; } // ------------------------------------------------------------------------ // Token owner can approve for `spender` to transferFrom(...) `tokens` // from the token owner's account // // https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/blob/master/EIPS/eip-20-token-standard.md // recommends that there are no checks for the approval double-spend attack // as this should be implemented in user interfaces // ------------------------------------------------------------------------ function approve(address spender, uint tokens) public returns (bool success) { allowed[msg.sender][spender] = tokens; emit Approval(msg.sender, spender, tokens); return true; } // ------------------------------------------------------------------------ // Transfer `tokens` from the `from` account to the `to` account // // The calling account must already have sufficient tokens approve(...)-d // for spending from the `from` account and // - From account must have sufficient balance to transfer // - Spender must have sufficient allowance to transfer // - 0 value transfers are allowed // ------------------------------------------------------------------------ function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint tokens) public returns (bool success) { balances[from] = balances[from].sub(tokens); allowed[from][msg.sender] = allowed[from][msg.sender].sub(tokens); balances[to] = balances[to].add(tokens); emit Transfer(from, to, tokens); return true; } // ------------------------------------------------------------------------ // Returns the amount of tokens approved by the owner that can be // transferred to the spender's account // ------------------------------------------------------------------------ function allowance(address tokenOwner, address spender) public view returns (uint remaining) { return allowed[tokenOwner][spender]; } // ------------------------------------------------------------------------ // Token owner can approve for `spender` to transferFrom(...) `tokens` // from the token owner's account. The `spender` contract function // `receiveApproval(...)` is then executed // ------------------------------------------------------------------------ function approveAndCall(address spender, uint tokens, bytes memory data) public returns (bool success) { allowed[msg.sender][spender] = tokens; emit Approval(msg.sender, spender, tokens); ApproveAndCallFallBack(spender).receiveApproval(msg.sender, tokens, address(this), data); return true; } // ------------------------------------------------------------------------ // Don't accept ETH // ------------------------------------------------------------------------ function () external payable { revert(); } // ------------------------------------------------------------------------ // Owner can transfer out any accidentally sent ERC20 tokens // ------------------------------------------------------------------------ function transferAnyERC20Token(address tokenAddress, uint tokens) public onlyOwner returns (bool success) { return ERC20Interface(tokenAddress).transfer(owner, tokens); } }
上述合約需要更改的地方很少,只有以下幾點:
constructor() public { symbol = "AirCoin"; name = "空氣幣"; decimals = 3; _totalSupply = 200000000 * 10**uint(decimals); balances[0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF] = _totalSupply; emit Transfer(address(0), 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF, _totalSupply); }
- symbol: 幣的代號
- name: 幣的名稱,可以用中文
- decimals: 小數點位數
- _totalSupply: 總發行量
- 0x你的錢包:請務必改成你自己的錢包位置,這樣佈署完成以後才可以進行大灑幣的工作
貼上後按下「Start to compile (Ctrl-S)」按鈕進行編譯,編譯成功畫面如下:
再來切換到 Run 功能,選擇我們要佈署的合約設定如下圖:
- Environment:設定為「Injected Web3」透過 MetaMask
- Account:設定為自己的 ETH 帳戶 (預設會自動由 MetaMask 帶入)
按下「Deploy」這時你的 MetaMask 回出現確認畫面,按下「CONFIRM」進行佈署,如下:
讓子彈飛一下,我們可以看到交易為 Pending 狀態,需要先等待區塊鏈處理交易,如下:
好囉,點選詳細資料,看一下 Etherscan 的狀態如下:
交易很順利被包進 Block,接著我們看看帳戶是不是有 Token 了,先複製 Remix 智能合約的 Address,如下:
然後到 MetaMask 點選「選單」底下有一個「ADD TOKEN」,進入後選擇「Custom Token」並填上我們剛剛的合約位置,如下:
按下「NEXT」畫面會自動帶出餘額數量,然後按下「ADD TOKENS」確認新增:
然後在 MetaMask 主畫面就可以看到 2E 空氣幣進帳囉:
Ethereum 發幣之後
接下來呢?是不是要開始忽悠這個 AirCoin 的價值呢?要 ICO 嗎?別鬧了,這是以太坊測試網路,而且想要 ICO 請必須滿足三大條件:
- 一份酷炫的白皮書
- 幾位大神團隊成員
- 氣派酷炫的發表會
三缺三我看我還是先洗洗睡吧~
為了證明我發幣的決心,我決定下重本 (大概 0.5 鎂) 在以太坊公鏈發行 AirCoin 代幣 (正式官方名稱為空氣幣),一共發行 2 億個 Token (本來要發 10E 但是我改 Code 忘記重新 Compile……. XD),至於 AirCoin 的用途、願景與理想我現在還沒想到,可能還需要點時間。以太坊公網全球限量保證不增發的 AirToken 合約如下:
0x5eb53a54f5f15f03dd98c63ec4cf28b9ef7747d6
另外如果有人想要這個未來可能會爆漲的 AirCoin 空氣幣 (ETH 正式公網喔),請與我聯繫,如果我還有 Gas 就會發囉,現正免費灑幣中!
其他有想到再補充了,今天先介紹到這裡.......啊掰~