iCal Introduction
iCal是由Apple所發佈的一種數據交換格式，其前身為iCalendar。iCal主要是一種資料交換格式，專門用來針對行事曆管理、事件發佈。把活動用ICAL發佈主要的好處是可以跟各種線上日曆、支援ICAL的手機/PDA做結合。
iCal Feed
iCal的資料格式稱為Feed，通常以副檔名*.ics或者xml的方式存在，目前已有許多api支援各種程式的設計。
發布
目前最常使用email
行事曆
目前最廣泛的應用為行事曆，由於iCal的核心在於事件與時間之間的關係，因此最近常應用在發佈會議等通知上，像是Google Calendar, Tounderbird Calendar, Msn Calender, M$ Outlook 2007, Windows vista行事曆... 等等行事曆管理軟體中都可以出現iCal的身影。
事件應用
iCal的事件應用像是在場地的租借,通知會議,生日節慶通知,群體公告發布，總而言之與"時間性"相關的應用才是iCal的精隨。
iCal Implements
- 匯入ics
網路上有許多已經設計好的feed可供下載
icalshare
無意間看到了農民曆，來玩看看吧
農民曆下載網址：http://icalshare.com/article.php?story=20061228050113376
Tounderbird 安裝
email發佈事件
經過測試後,只要在mail的夾檔中加入想發佈的 feed (.ics檔案) 就可以讓web mail觸發事件，但是目前 Java 上的 API ical4j 產出的檔案不被接受，這個部分要在測試。
iCal Format
Feed的格式參照RFC 2445[http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2445]
檔案格式如下
*.ics檔案格式
BEGIN:VCALENDAR
PRODID:-//Mozilla.org/NONSGML Mozilla Calendar V1.1//EN
VERSION:2.0
METHOD:REQUEST
BEGIN:VTIMEZONE
TZID:Asia/Taipei
X-LIC-LOCATION:Asia/Taipei
BEGIN:STANDARD
TZOFFSETFROM:+0800
TZOFFSETTO:+0800
TZNAME:CST
DTSTART:19700101T000000
END:STANDARD
END:VTIMEZONE
BEGIN:VEVENT
CREATED:20081015T091126Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20081015T091149Z
DTSTAMP:20081015T091149Z
UID:91d12aff-9b91-44e8-8924-eebb92691e22
SUMMARY:test3
ORGANIZER;RSVP=TRUE;CN=sj;PARTSTAT=ACCEPTED;ROLE=CHAIR:mailto:
[email protected]
ATTENDEE;RSVP=TRUE;PARTSTAT=NEEDS-ACTION;ROLE=REQ-PARTICIPANT:mailto:
[email protected]
DTSTART;TZID=Asia/Taipei:20081015T180000
DTEND;TZID=Asia/Taipei:20081015T190000
LOCATION:123
DESCRIPTION:123
SEQUENCE:0
END:VEVENT
END:VCALENDAR
iCal檔簡述
基本上iCal有點像是html, 使用BEGIN與END來包圍, 最外層是VCALENDAR, 而內部有許多元件組成, 如此的元件像是VEVENT,VTIMEZONE.....等等.
一個VCALENDAR允許包含許多相同的元件, 也可以使用Base64編碼加入物件檔案, 如下
ATTACH:http://xyz.com/public/quarterly-report.doc ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/basic;ENCODING=BASE64;VALUE=BINARY: MIICajCCAdOgAwIBAgICBEUwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEEBQAwdzELMAkGA1U EBhMCVVMxLDAqBgNVBAoTI05ldHNjYXBlIENvbW11bmljYXRpb25zIE <...remainder of "BASE64" encoded binary data...>
email傳送
要使用email傳送iCal必須在mail中加入一項MimeBody, 如下
Content-Type: text/calendar; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
重點在"Content-Type: text/calendar",當我們的MUA(Mail User Agent,像是Outlook,Sunbird,Web Mail)看到這個MimeBody時, 就會解析其中的內容並且產生對應動作
iCal Example Java Code
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
import javax.mail.*;
import javax.mail.internet.*;
import javax.activation.*;
public class MailCalendar {
Session session = null;
private Message ms_msg;
private Multipart multi_msg_part;
private StringBuffer ms_strbufMsg;
public static String ms_strSMTPHost = "smtp.server.com"; // 預設SMTP Server
public void send(String strFrom, // sender
String[] astrTo, // recipient(s)
String strSubject, // subject
String strContent, // content
String paths[], boolean debugging) {
String ms_strFrom = strFrom; // who the message is from
String[] ms_astrTo = astrTo; // who (plural) the message is to
boolean ms_debugging = debugging;
// set the host
Properties props = new Properties();
// props.put("mail.smtp.host", this.ms_strSMTPHost);
props.put("mail.smtp.auth", "true");
// create some properties and get the default Session
session = Session.getDefaultInstance(props, null);
session.setDebug(ms_debugging);
try {
// create a message
this.ms_msg = new MimeMessage(session);
// set the from
InternetAddress from = new InternetAddress(strFrom);
this.ms_msg.setFrom(from);
InternetAddress[] address = null;
// set the to
if (astrTo != null) {
address = new InternetAddress[astrTo.length];
for (int i = 0; i < astrTo.length; ++i) {
address[i] = new InternetAddress(astrTo[i]);
}
this.ms_msg.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.TO, address);
}
// set the subject
this.ms_msg.setSubject(strSubject);
// set up the string buffer which will hold the message
this.ms_strbufMsg = new StringBuffer();
this.ms_strbufMsg.append(strContent);
// create and fill the first message part
MimeBodyPart mbp1 = new MimeBodyPart();
// mbp1.setText(new String(ms_strbufMsg));
mbp1.setContent(new String(ms_strbufMsg), "text/html;charset=Big5");
this.multi_msg_part = new MimeMultipart();
this.multi_msg_part.addBodyPart(mbp1);
if (paths != null) {
MimeBodyPart mbp2 = null;
File file = null;
FileDataSource fds = null;
for (int i = 0; i < paths.length; i++) {
// create the second message part
mbp2 = new MimeBodyPart();
// attach the file to the message
String filename = paths[i];
file = new File(paths[i]);
if (file.exists()) {
fds = new FileDataSource(file);
mbp2.setDataHandler(new DataHandler(fds));
mbp2.setFileName(fds.getName());
this.multi_msg_part.addBodyPart(mbp2);
}
}
file = null;
}
try {
// set the content
this.ms_msg.setContent(this.multi_msg_part);
// set the Date: header
this.ms_msg.setSentDate(new Date());
// and away
// Transport.send(this.ms_msg);
Transport transport = session.getTransport("smtp");
transport.connect(ms_strSMTPHost, "sj", "1234");
transport.sendMessage(this.ms_msg,
this.ms_msg.getAllRecipients());
transport.close();
System.out.println("Mail Send");
} catch (Exception ex) {
System.out.println("Caught exception in MailSender.ms_send: "
+ ex);
}
} catch (MessagingException mex) {
mex.printStackTrace(System.err);
} catch (Exception ex) {
ex.printStackTrace(System.err);
}
}
}
使用JavaMail API設計能夠讓Gmail,Thunderbird觸發會議邀請事件的email message